Filters



, March 5, 1963 H. R. LlTcHFlELD -ETAL FILTERS Filed oct LYAB J SCHNEIDER /WATTORNEY Schneider, Brooklyn, Y., assignors to t cmselves ointly Filed Get'. 24, H53, iler. No. '769,472

lil Ciaims. (Si. lili-lo) This invention relates to filters and more specifically to tobacco smoke filters, and still more specifically to cigarette filters.

rl`his invention also relates to a method of selectively filtering components from smoke during the smoking of tobacco.

Known to us is the procedure in Ventilating rooms and in smoking, specifically of cigarettes, to provide smoke filters which, within limits, mechanically absorb such air suspended materials as dust, pollens and which physically absorb suspended products of combustion present in smoke constituents.

Known to us also are the various claims made of the selective effectiveness of absorbents and adsorbents, by means of which mechanical removal of products of combustion, such as tars, from cigarette smoke or tobacco smoke, has been achieved, while leaving the emuent products to retain some components which make tobacco smoking, pipe, cigarette and cigar, pleasurable, thu-s pointing to the selection in theprior art of a filter which is only partially eective in separating the products of com- -bustion from the gaseous vehicle in which these ingredients are entrained. Such filters must result in sacrifice of the pleasure of smoke taste to filtering effectiveness, without due consideration to the fact that the efiluent still of necessity contains objectionable components by reason of the fact that in the use of mere mechanical filtering, whether by absorption or adsorption, it has not been established to which of the ingredients of the effluent, the filter shall be selective or effective. Obviously, it must be concluded that mere mechanical filters, no matter how efiicient, are therefore prone to defeat the very basis for smoking pleasure because volatile components or gasiform materials are the least likely to be mechanically withheld by the lters from the smoke inhaled by the smoker.

Recognition of the fact that the use of indiscriminate adsorbent filters of volatile components of tobacco smoke would be most likely to detract from the pleasure derived from smoking, as both harmful and harmless tobacco smoke components carried by the effluent would thereby be withheld in being drawn through the adsorbent type of filter, it is evident that efficiency of filtering is not the answer to the problem.

We have discovered that the harmful lay-products of tobacco smoking, particularly those which are of the difiicultly filterable components of tobacco smoke, such as carbon monoxide, nicotine, aldehydes, pyridine and other polycylic hydrocarbons, which appear to influence bronchogenic malignancy or are of contributory nature to coronary disease and carcinoma, have an .avid compatible relationship to the human tissue to which these gaseous by-products of tobacco smoke are exposed.

We have further determined that pathologically there is great similarity between the tissue of humans and animals in the compatible relationship of the tissue to the objectionable, noxious by products of smoke, particularly tobacco smoke.

In an effort to stimulate or accelerate the interaction between the gaseous components before reaching the human tissue, whereby to minimize the pathogenesis resulting from inhaling air charged with tobacco smoke or other components by human beings, We have devised a filter which results in exposing the human to greatly reduced quantities ot the entrained noxious components during and a second block lter i8.

Y 3,079,92@ Patented Meer, 5, i963 smoking. We have devised as a filter for the noxious materials ordinarily inhaled by the human during tobacco smoking, or for use during air purifying, la large surface exposure of pulverized lung tissue, thereby eliminating or greatly reducing the hazards of inhaling smoke. Specifically, we have incorporated fragments of lung tissue of calf, fowl, sheep or hog, preferably in powdered or pulverized form, as a filter barrier to materials entrained by smoke and thereby separating by ladsorption and absorption, the products which are destructive or injurious to the respiratory and vascular systems, to leave :a smoke which may be inhaled which is greatly, if not entirely, cleare of its noxious, pathogenetic elements.

Still more specifically, we have incorporated in filters for cigarettes or like smoking appliances, la combined mechanical and gasiform filter barbier to the tobacco smoke stream, whereby the smoke efiiuent thereof which the human is exposed by inhaling, is rendered less hazardous by the combination of a barrier of pulverized lung powder, such as derived from calves, sheep or hogs or combinations thereof, which filter barrier appears selectively to concentrate some of the noxious components of burning tobacco on the pulverized tissue, while providing an efliuent having the factors contributing to the pleasures of tobacco smoking.

To attain these objects and such further objects as may appear herein or be hereinafter pointed out, we make reference to the accompany drawing forming a part here of, in which: Y

FIGURE l is a perspective view, partly in section, illustrating an embodiment of our invention; i

FIGURE 2 is an exploded, magnified, perspective View ot the components thereof; Y

FEGURE 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of our invention;

FiGURE 4 is an exploded perspective View ofthe baffles employed in the embodiment shown in FIGURE 3.

Referring to the drawing, one embodiment Lof the invention may consist of a smoking device consisting of a smoking segment ifi and a filtering segment 1l. These segments may constitute integrated portions or detachable portions whereby, upon attaching the smoking segment l@ to the filtering segment 11, the latter may be reused.

Vln the illustration, by way of example, the smoking segment i@ comprises the usual cigarette components of a cylindrical section of paper 12, such as rice paper, into which a charge of tobacco i3 may be compacted, having a sleeve l; of less permeable and preferably stier paper to withstand the pressure and moisture of the lips, which is recognized as usually found in filter cigarettes, an in the nature of a cigarette holder.

into the cylindrical section thus described and constituting the -ltering section il, we introduce a mechanical filter block 1S, a charge holder 16, a baille plate 1.7 The block filters 15 and It are designed mechanically to filter the products of combustion from smoking tobacco 13, and may constitute a roll of paper convoluted to provide a plurality of fine, longitudinally extended passages.

The baffle i7, which may be positioned adjacent one or" the rims 19 and 2t?, consists of an impervious piece of paper having a non-symmetrically located slot 21, in which event, if a similar bafiie is positioned adjacent the rim Ztl, the corresponding slot 21 is located in a diametrically opposite position.

The charge holder l5, in the embodiment illustrated, is constructed adjacent the medial portion 22, further to carry out the objective of not stratifying the gaseous product drawn in during smoking through the block 15, and to endeavor to secure an attenuated path of flow, for

-.Calves1ungs `are minced in therfrozen state andthen dried under vacuum witha circulating-water temperature y'of about 150-F.v The -moisturer isremoved until the residuum hasa moisture content of yless than 5%, about ,-3 to-4% being suitable. V'The tissue -is thereupon ground v4lsothat about 100% will pass ra 20 mesh-screen. Such ...pulverized barrier. materialisthen ready to bev packed within the chargeholder, undercompaction just sutilcient tobe retained without unduly obstructiing Ythe ow of gasiform'material, -as experienced `in normalI smoking. Another exampleforpreParingthe-barrier which may be retainedwithin the charge holder -16fis as follows:

Example Il `The -hot".lun'gs from Sbeef 'and sheep are. ground :through -a-:l'grindingmachine `having grinding apertures of about 1A ri11'ch"dian1eter. rL'he ground lungsare'thenrplacedinla vacuum drier, agitated under reduced pressure of' about Y-Ii mm. Yof mercury. `The drier` is water`agitated, and'held at approximatelyv 130.F. The moisture content Yis :re- *duced-under such lvacuum drying from about 85% moisture to about 3 or 4%, although `up to 5% may be em- 'fployed i The dried lung material is lthen ground fur'ther so that `'approximately 100%'may pass through a 60 mesh screen, #although arange-lof'from 2() to 60Ymesh may be em- :ftlfusl'fl-V Al' histological examinationof the Ylung powder is as follows: -The tissue block -shows numerous `varying `sized bits Vof tissue, among which'are recognizable cartilage, alveola, l"blood =vesse`ls and septal elements.

In use in a cigarette or in a cigaretteY holder, the contin- 'inggcylin'der is lfilled with the dried lung material without ."compactio'n. Itis to be understood, however, if a more vrestricted draft is desired, -it maybe `compacted to a .-.gr'eaterdegree y 'v 'Weattributethe desirable features to carry out the :objective of Vthe tilte'ring-actionto the presenceof prefdominan't alveolar elements, although there are recognizablercartilage, blood vvessel and septal elements. The "Il-ungl-tissue, particularly the pulverized lung tissuerwhich -fcom'es from calves, fowl, -sheep orv hogs'or combinationsr lof thesarne,'appears selectively to vconcentrate the noxious "components of burning tobacco because of what we believe is 'the :same compatible relationship of the hum-an "tissue `tothe objectionable, noxious by-products when inihaled by thehuman being.

'Ihus, in accordaucewith our construction, 'we provide 'altilter which'eifectively subtracts from the smoke those "of the noxious components whichhave an vavid compatible relationship to -the human tissue to which the gaseousby-products of tobacco smoke areexposed, 'thereby effectively minimizing the noxious components of vtobacco sn'lrokevvhich reachrthe tissue of the human inhaling these products.l

V4Another embodiment of the construction described @is exemplified in "FIGURES 3 and 4 wherein a lter holder 14a,-may `be associated with the cigarette 10,

V,I Jrisingthe fragmented lung tissueof animals selected 4 either as a holder for the same or as a consolidated, disposable element. ln this construction, ilter blocks 15a and 18a are positioned within the holder 14a to support therebetween a barrier charge 23a, 23b, separated by battles 17a, 17h, 7c, carrying staggered apertures 21a,V

2lb, 21e in planes to assure a sinuous path of smoke from the blocks 15a to the block 18a. In otherrespects, the carrier chambers 23a and 23b carry outrthe objective heretofore exemplified in connection Vwith FIG- URES l and 2.

While we have described and illustrated ltersior smokingr appliances inthe form of cigarettesyitewill be understood'that the filtering relationship Vmay have'utility in numerous devicesk where iltering `action 'may -b'e foundY desirable, such as in air conditioning appliances or in' ventilators for depollinating the air. l

Other uses of the filtering component will readilygsuggest themselves from the.v description herein giveng-and our invention is to be construed withinthescope ofthe appended claims. M Y Having thus described our inventi'onand'illustratedits use, "what we claim as new vand'tiesirelto secure `by" Let ters Patent, is; Y e ,e

l. A lter component for the purposes vdescribedv coruvprising the fragmented lung tissue "of animals selected and hogs, the fragmente'dtis'sue,having predominant recognizable alveolar cells.

2. A :filter component for'the 'purposesfdescribedc'omprising thefragrnen'ted lung'v tissue 'of animalsA selected from the group consisting of fow1,^c`alves, been-sheep "and hogs, said tissue ,being in powdered-form, theffragmented tissuehaving predominant Arecognizable alveolar cells. Y e

3. A filter component lfor the purposesidescribed comlfrom the group `consisting of fowl, calves, y'be'efflsheep and hogs, said tissue being in powdered-*form-withina range where 100% p'assesthrougha' ZO'me'sh sereemxthe Y fragmented tissue having Vpredominant -recognizablealve- `olar cells.

4. Alter component for the purposes vdes'cribed'com-Y rprising the fragmented llung 'tis'sue of animals `selected fromthe group consisting of foWLcalves, beef,- sheep and hogs, said tissue being dried to afrnoisture content Vof from 3 to 5% and withinvarrfangewherey 1.00%, passes through VaV 2O mesh screen and is retained on a6() mesh Y screen, the fragmented tissue having .predominant recog- .nizable alveolar .-cells. 1 e e 5. A tobacco `smoking devicehaving afilter element and containing a filter barrier comprising fragmented tisand containing a lilter barrierr comprising fragmentedV tissue of .animals selectedfromthe group consisting of calf lungs,l beef lungs, `fowl lungs, sheep lungs, V'hog lungs, said tissue being inpowdered form, theufrag- -mented tissue having predominant recognizable alveolar cells.

7. A tobacco smoking device having4 atilterlelement and containing a lter barrierv comprising fragmented tissue of animals selected from ,the group consisting of calf lungs, beef lungs, fowl lungs, sheep lungs, hog lungs,

Vsaid tissue being in powdered form,within arange where passes through a 20 mesh screen, the fragmented tissue having predominant recognizable V alveolar cells.

8. A Vtobacco smoking Adevice having a lter elementV and containing a lter lbarrier comprising fragmented tissue of animals selectedffromthe group consisting zof calf lungs, beef 1ungs,1fow1 lun-gs, -sheep lungs, hog lungs,- said tissue being dried to a moisture content of from 3 to 5% and Within a range where 100% passes through a 20 mesh screen and is retained on a 60 mesh screen, the fragmented tissue having predominant recognizable alveolar cells.

9. The method of ltering of noxious gaseous products from tobacco smoke by the step of passing smoke entraining said noxious gaseous products through fragmented, dried tissue of animals seieeted from the group consisting of fowl lungs, calf lungs, beef lungs, sheep lungs, hog lungs, the fragmented tissue having predominant recognizable alveolar cells.

10. A filter tip for cigarettes having a ilter barrier comprising fragmented tissue particles taken from animal lungs consisting of calf lungs, beef lungs, fowl lungs, sheep lungs, hog lungs, the fragmented tissue having predominant recognizable alveolar cells.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Brothers Sept. 25, Winkler Nov. 13, Touey Feb. 5, Seldeen June 11, Voightman et al. July 9, Visnicli Sept. 3, Schreus et al. Dec. 10, Nichols Feb. 14, Touey Mar. 15,

FOREIGN PATENTS France June 30, Great Britain Dec. 24, Great Britain Aug. 22,

Switzerland lune 14, 

1. A FILTER COMPONENT FOR THE PURPOSES DESCRIBED COMPRISING THE FRAGMENTED LUNG TISSUE OF ANIMALS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF FOWL, CALVES, BEEF, SHEEP 